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D. D. Sharma , Anita Sharma

Abstract

All the spatial components of land mass viz. arable land, non-arable land and drainage lines are being developed as one organic unit under the project "National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas" which is mainly based on people's indigenous knowledge. Recognising that it is not possible to motivate most of the rural people without economic incentive, the technology comprises of both, the conservation systems and production systems.

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Anita Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, IN

Abstract

The current study examined the relationship between personality and aggression in females. The sample was comprised of 200 (Indian) university female students from different departments of Himachal Pradesh University. The results revealed the importance of personality in determining the aggression with 18% of variance in Physical aggression, 14% of variance in verbal aggression and 16% of variance in indirect aggression thus accounting for 48% of variance in totality. Findings were obtained through stepwise regression analysis.

Keywords

Aggression, Females, 16 PF

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Anita Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, IN

Abstract

The current study explored the effects of gender discrimination (GD) on female's mental health. The main question of the present enquiry was to see why is females' mental health inferior to that of males? This study hypothesized that female's mental health is not as good as male's because females perceive more personal discrimination. Results confirmed that females scored significantly higher to that of males on a subjective scale of psychological distress. In addition to it, females perceived greater personal and group discrimination than did males. Perceived personal discrimination proved to be the strongest predictor of psychological distress. This was evident when results of a mediation analysis revealed that gender differences in subjective distress were mediated by the measure of perceived personal discrimination, but not by the measure of group discrimination. The rationale for results have been given in the discussion section.

Keywords

Gender Disparity, Females and Mental Health.

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Anita Sharma ¹, Deepika Bali ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, H.P.University, Summer Hill Shimla-5, IN

Abstract

In this study, an effort has been made to investigate the role of self-esteem and well-being on resilience to stress in the university students. The main findings were gauged through ANOVA. The findings suggest that: (i) High self-esteem and high well-being subjects have shown significantly more resilience to stress as compared to their counterparts by scoring significantly low on deficiency focusing and necessitating and high on skill recognition.(ii)With regard to gender, difference has been found to be significant only on necessitating with females showing more resilience to stress to that of males.(iii)The three factor interaction effect of self-esteem x well-being x gender has also turned out to be significant on deficiency focusing and necessitating.

Keywords

Resilience, Self-Esteem, Well-being and Gender

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Anita Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, IN

Abstract

How crucial is the role of well-being on resiliency to stress in both the genders is the main objective of the present study. To achieve this objective, a sample of 400 university students from Himachal Pradesh University was selected, which was then divided into two equal groups i.e. low and high on well-being by using the formula mean ± ½ sd, having the total sample of 200 with equal number of males and females. The main effects were gauged through ANOVA. The results revealed that: (1) High well-being group has shown more resilience to stress as compared to its counterpart i.e. low well-being group; (2) Males have shown higher resilience to stress than females on the dimension of necessitating;(3) Interaction effect of well-being and gender has also turned out be significant on deficiency focusing dimension of resilience to stress.

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Anita Sharma ¹, Shweta Verma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, HP, IN

Abstract

An Anova of the order of 2&3215;2×(2) with repeated measure on the last factor was employed in the present study to gauge the effect of psychological interventions, if any between the control group and the experimental group in the two genders from pre to post test on occupational stress, psychosocial stress and life stress among the high stressed lawyers (N=160 who scored above mean +1/2 SD assessed through stress scales). The main findings are: (1). The main effects of group,gender and treatment have turned out to be significant at.01 1evel.(2).The interaction effects of group x treatment have yielded significant F ratios (1754.686**,1119.7968*, and 373.025**, P.01) thereby depicting the remarkable improvement of experimental group from pre to post test over control group in terms of stress reduction due to psychological interventions. Thus, overall, the effect of interventions was highly significant.

Keywords

Stress, Intervention Programme.

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Anita Sharma ¹, Karuna ¹, Jyoti Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, HPU, Shimla, IN

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between family environment and adjustment (home, health, social, emotional)in adolescents.The adolescents(100 males and 100 females)were assessed by using the Moos and Moos Family Environment Scale and Bells Adjustment Inventory. Family environment appeared to influence the adjustment of the adolescents. Data was analyzed in terms of Correlation, Regression Analysts and t-test. Regression Analysts revealed that family environment has explained 80% of variance in gender (Males 32% Females 48%) and 92% of variance in schools (government schools 18% and private schools 74%). t test reveals that gender wtse females have shown better adjustment than males and school wise private school students have shown better adjustment than government school students. Thus, it can be concluded that family environment play s a vital role in the adjustment of the adolescents.

Keywords

Family Environment, Adjustment, Gender and School.

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Anita Sharma ¹, Jyotsana Gautam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, IN

Abstract

The study aimed at exploring the role of personality and subjective well-being in interpersonal attraction (social attraction, physical attraction, task attraction) in adolescents. The adolescents (100 males and 100 females) were assessed by using 16 PF, The Subjective Well-Being Inventory and Interpersonal attraction Scale. Data was analyzed in terms of Correlation, Regression Analysis and t-test. Regression Analysis revealed that personality has explained 10% of variance in interpersonal attraction in females only and subjective well-being has shown 14% of variance in interpersonal attraction by gender (in Males 9% 7& in Females 5 %). t test has revealed that gender wise, females have shown better interpersonal attraction than males. Overall, Personality and subjective well-being appeared to influence interpersonal attraction of the adolescents. Thus, it can be concluded that personality and subjective well-being plays a vital role in the interpersonal attraction of the adolescents.

Keywords

Personality, Subjective Well-Being, Interpersonal Attraction, Adolescents.

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Anita Sharma ¹, Kiran Thakur ¹, Rakesh Parihar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, IN
2 Department of Psychology, Govt. College Sanjauli, Shimla, IN

Abstract

In this study, an effort has been made to investigate the role of unemployment in the development of the physical distress myouth. A sample of 400 subjects (200 males and 200 females) was drawn from Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. Comparison was done between unemployed and employed youth in both the gender groups i.e., males and females. A 2 x 2 ANOVA has yielded significant results that is, unemployed youth has significantly perceived greater psychological distress profiles (inadequacy, depression, anxiety, sensitivity, anger, tension) than employed people. Findings from this study suggest that unemployment has an adverse effect on psychological function, with the unemployed becoming more anxious, depressed and concerned with bodily symptoms. Unemployment leads to frustration, aggression, regression and finally to resignation from life.

Keywords

Psychological Distress, Unemployment & Gender.

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Anita Sharma ¹, Deepika Bali ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, H.P.University, Summer Hill Shimla, IN
2 Department of Psychology, H.P. University, Summer Hill, Shimla, HP, IN

Abstract

In this study, an effort has been made to investigate the role of self-esteem and well-being on resilience to stress in the university students. The main findings were gauged through ANOVA. The findings suggest that: (i) High self-esteem and high well-being subjects have shown significantly more resilience to stress as compared to their counterparts by scoring significantly low on deficiency focusing and necessitating and high on skill recognition. (ii) With regard to gender, difference has been found to be significant only on necessitating with females showing more resilience to stress to that of males. (iii) The three factor interaction effect of self-esteem x well-being x gender has also turned out to be significant on deficiency focusing and necessitating.

Keywords

Resilience, Self-Esteem, Well-Being and Gender.

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Anita Sharma ¹, Annu Mathur ¹, Pramod Verma ¹, S. C. Joshi ¹, V. P. Dixit ¹

Affiliations
1 Reproductive Physiology Section, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302004, IN

Abstract

Oral administration of Actiniopteris dichotoma (whole plant) crude extract (50% ethanol) and its isolated chromatographic fraction 50:50 (CHCl₃:CH₃OH) at the dose level of 50 mg/kg b.wt/day for 60 days, induced infertility in male rats. The reduction in fertility is coincided with suppressed sperm production and reduced sperm motility. The treatment caused degeneration and vacuolation in spermatogenic cells and reduced seminiferous tubule dimensions. The spermatids were declined by 98.0% and 95.6%. A marl<ed diminition in the germ cell population specially step-19 spermatids and mature Leydig cell number was noticed. Probable androgen deprivation could be explained by decreased testicular glycogen, protein and sialic acid contents. Reversibility could be achieved after 8-10 weeks of cessation of the treatment. A. dichotoma can be used to develop a safe male contraceptive pill.

Keywords

Actiniopteris dichotoma, Androgen, Leydig Cell, Spermatogenesis.

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Anita Sharma ¹, Isha Jaswal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to find out the relationship between Big-Five and Privacy Concerns among 200 students of Himachal Pradesh University (H.P.U.) within the age range of 21-30 years. Data were evaluated in terms of Correlation and Regression analysis. The analysis has revealed that for males sample Agreeableness has contributed the maximum variance of 18% followed by Conscientiousness (5%), explaining a total variance of 23%. In females sample, the maximum variance is explained by Conscientiousness (12%), followed by Extraversion (10%) and Openness (4%), explaining a total variance of 26%. The results have shown the commonness of one variable, i.e., Conscientiousness in predicting the relationship in both the genders.

Keywords

Big Five, Privacy Concerns, Gender.

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Anita Sharma ¹, Sandeep Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, IN

Abstract

This research has been performed to explore and compare the personality profile of Alcoholics, Drug Addicts and Normals by using the New Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) of Costa and McCrae (1992). Alcoholic and Drug Addicts were selected from drug rehabilitation centers from Amritsar (Punjab) by applying Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) (Skinner, 1982) and Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) (Skinner, 1982) on them. The total sample comprised of 120 subjects with 40 Alcoholics, 40 Drug Addicts and 40 Normals. For the analysis purpose, one way ANOVA and Post-hoc comparison i.e.,Duncan's multiple range test have been used. In terms of NEO-five factor model of personality taxonomy, the present study reveals that alcoholics scored significantly higher on personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion followed by drug addicts. Whereas, normals scored significantly higher on openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness dimensions of personality.

Keywords

Big Five Personality, Alcoholics, Drugs Addicts, Normals.

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Anita Sharma ¹, Sandeep Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Alcoholism is the dependence on, or addiction to alcohol and it is a chronic, progressive and sometimes fatal disease (Goedde & Agarwal, 1989). In this article the psychotherapeutic treatment of a 45 years old patient is described. The treatment leads to the exploration of various facets of the patient's life. The results of the treatment were suggestive of significant improvement and the resolution of various underlying issues.

Keywords

Psychotherapy, Alcohol, Patients.

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Gauri Sharma ¹, Anita Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The present investigation aims to study the four aspects of quality of life i.e. health, psychological well being, social relationship and environment between executives and technocrats. The sample comprised of 200 executives and 200 technocrats with equal number of both the genders, within the age range of 25-40 years. Data were gathered by using WHOQOL-BREF Scale (1996). Findings indicated significant differences between executives and technocrats and males and females on all the four aspects of quality of life. Results revealed that executives who are the planners of the organization are high on most of the aspects of quality of life as compared to technocrats. And males, the dominant sex of the society stood higher on all the aspects as compared to females.

Keywords

Quality of Life, Executives, Technocrats and Gender.

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Deepika Bali ¹, Anita Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The main premise of the present study is to see the relationship between resilience and social support among government and private school adolescents. To achieve this objective, a sample of 400 adolescents from Shimla and Himachal Pradesh was selected with equal number of males and females. The main findings were gauged through correlation and regression Analysis. The results revealed that in skill recognition dimension of resilience to stress, social support explained 8% (r=278**, P<.01) of variance in Government Schools' Sample and 4% (r=.251**, P<.01) of variance in males' sample.

Keywords

Resilience, Social Support, School and Gender.

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Jyoti Sharma ¹, Anita Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, H.P.U., Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Psychology, H.P.U. Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The present investigation was done to examine the role of family environment in the determination of alcohol abusers. For accomplishing these objectives, a sample of 180 alcoholics from urban and rural areas (90 each) belonging to upper, middle and lower class (60 each) from two districts of Himachal Pradesh (Shimla & Kinnaur) was taken. The age range of the sample was 25-45 years. Step-wise regression analysis was done to find out the main predictors of alcoholism. The main findings point to the following facts: In urban sample, cohesion (-) expressiveness (-) and control (+) have significantly contributed 20% of variance in alcoholism, whereas, in rural area, cohesion (-), expressiveness (-) and organisation (-) have emerged on the significant predictors contributing 31% of variance in alcoholism. In middle class sample, cohesion (-) and control (+) have significantly contributed 30% of variance in alcoholism, in lower class sample, conflict (+) and achievement orientation (-) have significantly contributed 20% of variance in alcoholism. Thus, it can be concluded that family environment plays a vital role in alcoholism.

Keywords

Family Environment, Alcoholism, Urban and Rural Area.

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Deepika Bali ¹, Anita Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The purpose of the present investigation is to highlight the essential factors which foster resilience in adolescents. Why resilience is important for adolescents and what are the sources of resilience for adolescents are the main domains of the present study. What activities help adolescents in developing resilience is also centre of discussion in the undertaken research paper.

Keywords

Resilience, Adolescents.

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Bhargabnanda Dass ¹, Sumit Sen ¹, Anita Sharma ², Sana Hussain ², Nitin Rana ², Debashish Sen ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, IN
2 People’s Science Institute, Dehradun 248 001, IN

Abstract

The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) has experienced accelerated changes in climatic seasonality and land use–land cover. Researchers envision understanding the process controls of water fluxes and their hydrogeological and ecological implications but scarce in situ data in the IHR hinders scientific research. Our work discusses an integrative technique for springshed monitoring for insights into hydrological processes and understanding integrated measurement strategies. Initial emphasis was on instrumentation and data collection from two headwater watersheds, instrumented with advanced field-based monitoring platforms in Pauri-Garhwal and Almora districts of Uttarakhand. We describe the observatory setup and discuss the pilot sites’ general characteristics followed by the monitoring concept, infrastructure and initial datasets of the pilot sites. The social dimension of the spring water use and governance is also analysed in brief. Such a springshed management approach is the way forward for water security in the IHR.

Keywords

Automatic Weather Station, Evapotranspiration, Hydrological Observatory, Montane Ecosystem, Springshed Management.

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